*Suleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul*
Monument to a mighty ruler, Istanbul's many-domed Süleymaniye complex looks over the Golden Horn, Bosporus, and Sea of Marmara to Asia.
Built in the 1550s by court architect Sinan, the mosque was surrounded by colleges, a hospital, a soup kitchen, baths, and the tombs of Süleyman and his wife, Roxelana.
Istanbul—then known as Constantinople—became the seat of Ottoman power in 1453, when Suleyman's great-grandfather Mehmed II seized the Byzantine capital.
*Mevlevi Order Dancers*
Whirling in ecstasy, dervishes of the Mevlevi Order in Istanbul perform a ritual dance each December to commemorate the death in 1273 of their founder, Celaleddin Rumi.
Pivoting on one foot as they circle the room—right hand facing heaven, left hand facing earth—the dancers symbolize spinning planets revolving about God.
A mystic poet, Celaleddin was admired by sultans for his humanitarian teachings; Süleyman restored his shrine in Konya, Turkey.
*Selimiye Mosque, Edirne*
Soaring toward the heavens, the vast Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, Turkey, represents the pinnacle of [court architect] Sinan's achievement.
Light flooding through curtain walls illuminates geometric designs, arabesques, and phrases from the Koran.
The mosque was built by Sinan in the 1570s for Selim II, Suleyman's son and successor. Born in a Christian village in Anatolia, Sinan rose through the devsirme system, whereby Ottomans brought promising Christian youths to the court in Istanbul. They were educated, converted to Islam, and trained as Janissaries—elite infantry—or as administrators.
*Castle of Bodrum, Mugla*
Thorns in his side, the valiant Knights of St. John, occupying the castle of Bodrum on Turkey's Aegean coast, interfered with Suleyman's control of crucial trade routes and lines of communication.
In 1522 he routed them from their stronghold on nearby Rhodes, but his chivalry in allowing them to leave unharmed backfired on him 43 years later.
*Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina*
A crescent in stone, the humpbacked bridge at Mostar spans the Neretva River in Yugoslavia's Bosnia-Herzegovina Republic.
The bridge was built in 1566 on Suleyman's orders to replace a nearby chain bridge deemed unsafe by his subjects.
Being part of the empire brought its benefits: In this area alone, the Ottomans constructed 42 bridges, 18 caravansaries, 264 inns and hostels, and 10 covered markets.
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